被动语态的用法归纳

　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.

　　被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的.现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成.

　　1.各种语态

　　1.1.You are invited to make a speech in our school

　　1.1.1.一般现在时：am/is/are+done

　　1.2.The glass was broken by me

　　1.2.1.一般过去时：was/were+done

　　1.3.The meeting will be hold at 8:00am tomorrow

　　1.3.1.一般将来时：will be done

　　1.4.The plan is being carried out successfully

　　1.4.1.现在进行时：an/is/are+being done

　　1.5.Her car was being washed at that time

　　1.5.1.过去进行时：was/were+being done

　　1.6.All the work has been finished by now

　　1.6.1.现在完成时：have/has been done

　　1.7.They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan

　　1.7.1.过去完成时：had been done

　　1.8.The work will have been finished by the end of next month

　　1.8.1.将来完成时：will have been done

　　1.9.manage

　　1.9.1.一般现在时：manage——am/is/are manage

　　1.9.2.一般过去时：managed——was/were managed

　　1.9.3.一般将来时：will manage——shall/will be managed

　　1.9.4.过去进行时：was/were/managing——was/were being managed

　　1.9.5.现在进行时：am/is/are managing——am/is/are being managed

　　1.9.6.现在完成时：have/has managed——has/have been managed

　　1.9.7.过去完成时：had managed——had been managed

　　1.9.8.将来完成时：will have managed——shall/will have been managed

　　2.特殊情况

　　2.1.否定：助/情/系+not

　　2.1.1.He was disappointed to hear that he would not be given a dovtor's degree

　　2.2.动词复合结构变被动时，谓语变被动，其他保留

　　2.2.1.We saw him sitting there without doing anything

　　2.2.2.He was seen sitting there without doing anything

　　2.2.3.see sb. doing/do

　　2.3.make/let/hear/see等主动+(to)do被动+to do

　　2.3.1.The words made me feel excited

　　2.3.2.I was made to feel excited by the words

　　2.4.V.的双宾结构变被动，直宾、间宾都可做主语

　　2.4.1.My father is telling me a story now

　　2.4.2.I an being told a story by my father now/A story is being told to me by my father

　　2.5.含介词/副词的动词短语变被动后，介词/副词不能丢

　　2.5.1.People often lough at the strange man

　　2.5.2.The strange man is often laughed at/by people

　　3.being done

　　3.1.条件：与逻辑主语构成被动关系doing——being done

　　3.1.1.I don't like laughing at others

　　3.1.2.I don't like being laughed at by others

　　3.2.形式

　　3.2.1.一般式being done 同时发生或之后

　　3.2.1.1.As we approached the village,we saw new house being built

　　3.2.2.完成式having been done 先于谓语发生

　　3.2.2.1.Having been surrounded for a month,the energy had to give in

　　3.3.成分

　　3.3.1.Being exposed to the sun for long dose harm to the skin主语

　　3.3.2.He couldn't bear being made fun of宾语

　　3.3.3.The question is far from being settled表语

　　3.3.4.The meeting being held is about our salary定语

　　3.3.5.You'll find the problem being discussed宾补

　　3.3.6.Having been surrounded,he had to give in状语

　　3.4.doing表被动意义

　　3.4.1.当系/感官或不及物动词用being表被动

　　3.4.1.1.The flowers smelling sweet atteact the visitors

　　3.4.2.need/want/deserve/be worth/require+doing/to be done

　　3.4.2.1.The problem deserves discussing

　　3.5.复合结构

　　3.5.1.Weather permiting(permit),we'll go on an outing

　　3.5.2.The decision having been made(make),the next problem was how to make a good plan

　　3.6.done与being done的区别

　　3.6.1.The stone berdge built(build) 200 years ago will be pulled down 完成被动

　　3.6.1.1.The house being built(build) is mine 正在被进行

　　3.6.2.Wounded/Being wounded/Having been wounded,the whale soon died ...原因状语

　　3.6.3.Being inspired/Having been inspired/inspired by many successful people,more and more young Chinede are now considering their own business

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